Biology

77	Kato, H.; Akira, S. (Research Institute for Microbial Diseases) Differential Roles of MDA5 and RIG-I in the Recognition of RNA Viruses . Nature, 441, 101-105 (2006)

78	Azukizawa, H. ; Sano, S.; Kosaka, H.; Sumikawa, Y.; Itami, S. (Graduate School of Medicine) Prevention of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis by Regulatory T Cells European Journal of Immunology, 35, 1722-1730 (2005) Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is a severe acute exofoliative skin disease characterized by massive keratinocyte apoptosis. An animal model of TEN was established by double transgenic (dTg) mice expressing a model skin antigen (ovalbumin) and its specific T cell receptor (OT-I). Euthymic dTg mice never developed skin changes, whereas dTg mice generated on an athymic nude background spontaneously initiated TEN. Strikingly, thymus-derived CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺ regulatory T cells completely prevented the life-threatening skin damage of TEN with the help of dendritic cells.

79	Tanaka, K. 1; Shintani, N. 1; Hashimoto, H. 1,2; Kawagishi, N. 1; Ago, Y. 1; Matsuda, T. 1,2; Hashimoto, R. 2; Kunugi, H.; Yamamoto, A. 1; Kawaguchi, C. 1; Shimada, T. 1; Baba, A. 1 1 (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences) 2 (Graduate School of Medicine) Psychostimulant-induced Attenuation of Hyperactivity and Prepulse Inhibition Deficits in Adcyap1* -deficient Mice The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 5091-5097 (2006)

80	Fujita, K. ; Ohta, H.; Tsujimura, A.; Takao, T.; Miyagawa, Y.; Takada, S.; Matsumiya, K. ; Wakayama, T.; Okuyama, A. (Graduate School of Medicine) Transplantation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells Isolated from Leukemic Mice Restores Fertility without Inducing Leukemia The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 115, 1855-1861 (2005) To treat the infertility secondary to anti-cancer therapy for prepubertal patients, we developed the procedure of the isolation of germ cells and the transplantation in leukemic model mice. We isolated germ cells from leukemic mice by FACS with 2 antibodies against surface markers, MHC-class I and CD45. Sorted germ cells were transplanted into the testes of recipient mice. Recipient mice survived and normal spermatogenesis and mature sperm were observed. When unsorted germ cells were transplanted, all recipient mice developed leukemia.

81	Hagiwara, Y. ; Sugishima, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Fukuyama, K. (Graduate School of Science) Crystal Structure of Phycocyanobilin : Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase in Complex with Biliverdin IXα, a Key Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of Phycocyanobilin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 27-32 (2006)

82	Hibuse, T. ; Maeda, N.; Funahashi, T.; Yamamoto, K.; Nagasawa, A. ; Mizunoya, W.; Kishida, K.; Inoue, K.; Kuriyama, H.; Nakamura, T.; Fushiki, T.; Kihara, S.; Shimomura, I. (Graduate School of Medicine) Aquaporin 7 Deficiency Is Associated with Development of Obesity through Activation of Adipose Glycerol Kinase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 10993-10998 (2005) Aquaporin 7 (AQP7), a member of aquaglyceroporins, is known to permeabilize glycerol as well as water. We recently generated AQP7-knockout mice and demonstrated that AQP7 acts as a glycerol gateway molecule in adipocytes in vivo. This paper shows that AQP7 deficiency is associated with adult-onset obesity in mice. AQP7 deficiency enhances adipose glycerol kinase enzymatic activity through increased intracellular glycerol content, which results in increased fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.

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