Engineering

48	Maruyama, T.; Shiota, Y.; Nozaki, T.; Ohta, K.; Toda, N.; Mizuguchi, M.; Tulapurlar, A. A.; Shinjo, T.; Shiraishi, M.; Mizukami, S.; Ando, Y.; Suzuki, Y. (Graduate School of Engineering Science) Large Voltage-induced Magnetic Anisotropy Change in a Few Atomic Layers of Iron Nature Nanotechnology, 4, 158-161 (2009)

49	Miura, J. ^1 ; Maeda, Y. ^1 ; Nakai, H. ^2 ; Zako, M. ^2 ^1 (Osaka University Dental Hospital) ^2 (Graduate School of Engineering) Multiscale Analysis of Stress Distribution in Teeth under Applied Forces Dental materials, 25, 67-73 (2009) The present study aimed to clarify stress distribution in teeth under external applied load using microindentation and multiscale simulation. Multiscale simulation was used to analyze different scale structures simultaneously. A concentrated load (10 N) was applied to the labial surface of the central incisor. The results revealed stresses of 1.4 MPa (normal stress) and 21.4 MPa (shear stress) in the enamel sheath of the cervical region, suggesting that shear stresses in the enamel sheath may play significant roles in tooth fracture.

50	Mizuno, O.; Kikuno, T. (Graduate School of Information Science and Technology) Prediction of Fault-Prone Software Modules Using a Generic Text Discriminator IEICE Transaction on Information and Systems, E91-D(4), 888-896 (2008) Fault-prone module detection in source code is important for the assurance of software quality. Most previous fault-prone detection approaches have difficulties in collecting software metrics and constructing mathematical models. In our approach, fault-prone modules are detected in such a way that the source code modules are considered text files and are applied to the spam e-mail filter directly. We conducted experimental applications using source code repositories of open source software developments. Our approach can correctly predict 78% of actual faulty modules as fault-prone in the experiment.

51	Murahashi, S.-I.; Nakae, T.; Terai, H.; Komiya, N. (Graduate School of Engineering Science) Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Molecular Oxygen or Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Cyanide: sp ³ C–H Bond Activation and Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 11005-11012 (2008) Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines with molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium cyanide gives the corresponding α-aminonitriles, which are highly useful intermediates for organic synthesis. The reaction is the first demonstration of direct sp ³ C-H bond activation α to nitrogen followed by carbon-carbon bond formation under aerobic oxidation conditions. The α-aminonitriles thus obtained can be readily converted to α-amino acids, diamines, and various nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.

52	Nagayasu, D.; Ino, F.; Hagihara, K. (Graduate School of Information Science and Technology) A Decompression Pipeline for Accelerating Out-of-Core Volume Rendering of Time-Varying Data Computers & Graphics, 32, 350-362 (2008)

53	Nakamura, R. ^1 ; Tokozakura, D.; Lee, J.-G.; Mori, H. ^2 ; Nakajima, H. ^1 ^1 (Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) ^*2 (Research Center for Ultra-high Voltage Electron Microscopy) Shrinking of Hollow Cu ₂ O and NiO Nanoparticles at High Temperatures Acta Materialia, 56, 5276-5284 (2008)

54	Nakao, Y.; Ebata, S.; Yada, A.; Hiyama, T.; Ikawa, M.; Ogoshi, S. (Graduate School of Engineering) Intramolecular Arylcyanation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Nickel/AlMe2Cl Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 12874-12875 (2008)

55	Nishiyama, H. ^1 ; Mizoshiri, M. ^1 ; Kawahara, T. ^2 ; Nishi, J.; Hirata, Y. ^1 ^1 (Graduate School of Engineering) ^2 (Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) SiO ₂ -based Nonplanar Structures Fabricated Using Femtosecond Laser Lithography Optics Express, 16(22), 17288-17294 (2008) SiO ₂ -based hybrid diffractive-refractive microlenses were fabricated by femtosecond laser lithography-assisted micromachining, which is a combined process of nonlinear lithography and plasma etching. The high-aspect-ratio patterns of resist were found to be induced by laser exposure without translating the laser spot. By scanning this rod three-dimensionally, harmonic lens patterns were written directly inside resists on the convex lenses. Then, the patterns were transferred to the underlying lenses by CHF ₃ plasma. This hybridization shifted the focal length of the lens by 216 μm, which agreed with theoretical value.

56	Ogi, H.; Shagawa, T.; Nakamura, N.; Hirao, M.; Odaka, H.; Kihara, N. (Graduate School of Engineering Science) Elastic Constant and Brillouin Oscillations in Sputtered Vitreous SiO ₂ Thin Films Physical Review B, 78, 134204 (2008) We develop a picosecond ultrasound spectroscopy for measuring ultrahigh frequency (~100 GHz) acoustic properties in amorphous thin films, which are indispensable for designing high-frequency band-pass filters. The oscillation is detected in the reflectivity change in the ultrafast light pulse diffracted by the sound wave, which was excited by the pump light pulse, and its frequency gives the sound velocity and the elastic moduli. Theoretical calculations are made to exactly reconstruct the oscillation, which predicts the possible error limit of the determined acoustic parameters.

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